Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles Supported on Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon for Simultaneous Detection of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺

A green and efficient electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of cadmium (Cd) lead (Pb) heavy-metal ions is proposed in this work. For aim, biomass-derived porous carbon (BPC) along with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles have been used to modify glassy electrodes (GCE). The substrate herein was obtained from abundant marine biomass, Posidonia oceanica. nZVI particles were situ reduced on BPC by combining the conventional liquid-phase reduction method ferric chloride impregnating process. Physicochemical electroanalytical investigations established X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance (EIS), all suggesting that successfully anchored uniformly dispersed substrate, synergistic effect between properties uplifts electrocatalytic ability modified electrode nZVI-BPC/GCE. as-fabricated then assessed evaluated Cd2+ Pb2+ an aqueous buffered solution containing acetate using square-wave stripping (SWSV). Experimental conditions parameters such as electrolyte pH, deposition potential, time sensing target optimized. Results demonstrated exhibited a linear range 2.0–50 μg/L both metal ions, limits 0.1926 0.2082 recorded Pb2+, respectively. Moreover, drinking water samples further analyzed practical testing developed sensor, where it also revealed adequate performances.